Strolen's World · Legacy archive
terminal commands
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terminal commands
#1This article is a compilation of cPanel commands commonly used. If you see any that are missing please make a reply to the article and I will update the original post.
Restart chkservd:
/etc/init.d/chkservd restart
Tail Apache log:
tail -f /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log
Updates the server software:
/scripts/upcp
Reinstalls exim:
/scripts/exim4
View traffic or if you think a site is being DDoS:
cd /usr/local/apache/domlogs
tail -f targetsite.com
Bandwidth issues
/scripts/cleanbw
To fix problem in webalizer that stop updating stats
/scripts/fixwebalizer
Self Explanatory
/scripts/fixcommonproblems
/scripts/fixeverything
Fixing Mail List MailMan
/usr/local/cpanel/bin/convertmailman2
Reinstall MailMan
/scripts/reinstallmailman
/scripts/fixhome
pico /etc/my.cnf
Edit php.ini
pico /usr/local/lib/php.ini
Edit Apache Conf
pico /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Checking Real Time Top Processes Login to SSH and run
top
Run cpanel backup
/scripts/cpbackup
To try and fix domain controller
/scripts/fixndc
Quotas
/scripts/initquotas - takes a while to run
/scripts/resetquotas
/scripts/fixquotas - takes a while to run
Add a Dns Entry
/scripts/adddns
Install Frontpage Mail Exts
/scripts/addfpmail
Add JavaServlets to an account (jsp plugin required)
/scripts/addservlets
Add a User
/scripts/adduser
Run WHM Lite
/scripts/admin
Add Rlimits (cpu and mem limits) to apache
/scripts/apachelimits
Resync with a master DNS Server
/scripts/dnstransfer
Edit A User's Quota
/scripts/editquota
Search For Trojans in /dev
/scripts/finddev
Locate Trojan Horses
/scripts/findtrojans
Suggest Usage
/scripts/findtrojans > /var/log/trojans
/scripts/fixtrojans /var/log/trojans
Make Interchange work with suexec
/scripts/fixcartwithsuexec
Fix Most Problems with Interchange
/scripts/fixinterchange
Run on a trojans horse file created by findtrojans to remove them
/scripts/fixtrojans
Run this if a user's stats stop working
/scripts/fixwebalizer
Fix a broken valias file
/scripts/fixvaliases
Turn on DMA and 32bit IDE hard drive access (once per boot)
/scripts/hdparamify
Re-scan quotas. Usually fixes Disk space display problems
/scripts/initquotas
Turn on SUEXEC (probably a bad idea)
/scripts/initsuexec
Display Ipusage Report
/scripts/ipusage
Terminate an Account
/scripts/killacct
Delete "Security Problem Infested RPMS"
/scripts/killbadrpms
Fix Various Mail Permission Problems
/scripts/mailperm
Attempt to Troubleshoot a Mail Problem
/scripts/mailtroubleshoot
Change a Mysql Password
/scripts/mysqlpasswd
Kill Potential Security Problem Services
/scripts/quicksecure
Rebuild Ip Address Pool
/scripts/rebuildippool
Delete Nasty SSL entry in apache default httpd.conf
/scripts/remdefssl
Restart a Service (valid services: httpd,proftpd,exim,sshd,cppop,bind,mysql)
/scripts/restartsrv?? (example: /scripts/restartsrv httpd)
Syncup Security Updates from RedHat/Mandrake
/scripts/rpmup
Force a webalizer/analog update
/scripts/runlogsnow
Remove non-important suid binaries
/scripts/secureit
Install Frontpage 4+ on an account
/scripts/setupfp4
Return a Simple process list. Useful for finding where cgi scripts are running from
/scripts/simpleps
Suspend an account
/scripts/suspendacct
Syncup Cpanel RPM Updates
/scripts/sysup
Unblock an IP
/scripts/unblockip
UnSuspend an account
/scripts/unsuspendacct
Update Cpanel
/scripts/upcp
Update /scripts
/scripts/updatenow
Create a New Account
/scripts/wwwacct
Awstats to run manually
/scripts/runweblogs account_username
License Not working
rdate -s rdate.darkorb.net
Sometimes such behavior of apache/httpd (taking more and more memory until it dies or crashes the server) can be caused by corrupted MySQL database. Try to do the following:
1) Kill the mysql server
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql stop
2) Repair all SQL databases:
myisamchk -r /var/lib/mysql/*/*.MYI
3) Start mysql again:
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql start
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Restarting cpanel
/etc/rc.d/init.d/cpanel restart
To run your clients stats now
/scripts/runlogsnow
Restart the background proccess that runs the stats for your clients
/usr/local/cpanel/startup
To run your clients stats now
/scripts/runstatsonce
To run one clients stats:
/scripts/runweblogsnow username
Shut down http
httpd stop
Start http with SSL
httpd startssl
Start http
httpd start
/scripts/runweblogs -
Re: terminal commands
#2I have put together some of the more frequently used SSH commands or linux shell commands, and organized them by name so you can easily find a command, their description and how to use it. This guide will continue to be updated and should not be considered a complete list of SSH commands or linux shell commands, but commands, we found, often used. If you would like to add to this guide, please email us and let us know.
Common SSH Commands or Linux Shell Commands
ls : list files/directories in a directory, comparable to dir in windows/dos.
ls -al : shows all files (including ones that start with a period), directories, and details attributes for each file.
cd : change directory ? ? cd /usr/local/apache : go to /usr/local/apache/ directory
cd ~ : go to your home directory
cd - : go to the last directory you were in
cd .. : go up a directory cat : print file contents to the screen
cat filename.txt : cat the contents of filename.txt to your screen
tail : like cat, but only reads the end of the file
tail /var/log/messages : see the last 20 (by default) lines of /var/log/messages
tail -f /var/log/messages : watch the file continuously, while it's being updated
tail -200 /var/log/messages : print the last 200 lines of the file to the screen
more : like cat, but opens the file one screen at a time rather than all at once
more /etc/userdomains : browse through the userdomains file. hit to go to the next page, to quit
pico : friendly, easy to use file editor
pico /home/burst/public_html/index.html : edit the index page for the user's website.
vi : another editor, tons of features, harder to use at first than pico
vi /home/burst/public_html/index.html : edit the index page for the user's website.
grep : looks for patterns in files
grep root /etc/passwd : shows all matches of root in /etc/passwd
grep -v root /etc/passwd : shows all lines that do not match root
touch : create an empty file
touch /home/burst/public_html/404.html : create an empty file called 404.html in the directory /home/burst/public_html/
ln : create's "links" between files and directories
ln -s /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd.conf : Now you can edit /etc/httpd.conf rather than the original. changes will affect the orginal, however you can delete the link and it will not delete the original.
rm : delete a file
rm filename.txt : deletes filename.txt, will more than likely ask if you really want to delete it
rm -f filename.txt : deletes filename.txt, will not ask for confirmation before deleting.
rm -rf tmp/ : recursively deletes the directory tmp, and all files in it, including subdirectories. BE VERY CAREFULL WITH THIS COMMAND!!!
last : shows who logged in and when
last -20 : shows only the last 20 logins
last -20 -a : shows last 20 logins, with the hostname in the last field
w : shows who is currently logged in and where they are logged in from.
netstat : shows all current network connections.
netstat -an : shows all connections to the server, the source and destination ips and ports.
netstat -rn : shows routing table for all ips bound to the server.
top : shows live system processes in a nice table, memory information, uptime and other useful info. This is excellent for managing your system processes, resources and ensure everything is working fine and your server isn't bogged down.
top then type Shift + M to sort by memory usage or Shift + P to sort by CPU usage
ps: ps is short for process status, which is similar to the top command. It's used to show currently running processes and their PID.
A process ID is a unique number that identifies a process, with that you can kill or terminate a running program on your server (see kill command).
ps U username : shows processes for a certain user
ps aux : shows all system processes
ps aux --forest : shows all system processes like the above but organizes in a hierarchy that's very useful!
file : attempts to guess what type of file a file is by looking at it's content.
file * : prints out a list of all files/directories in a directory
du : shows disk usage.
du -sh : shows a summary, in human-readble form, of total disk space used in the current directory, including subdirectories.
du -sh * : same thing, but for each file and directory. helpful when finding large files taking up space.
wc : word count
wc -l filename.txt : tells how many lines are in filename.txt
cp : copy a file
cp filename filename.backup : copies filename to filename.backup
cp -a /home/burst/new_design/* /home/burst/public_html/ : copies all files, retaining permissions form one directory to another.
kill: terminate a system process
kill -9 PID - EG: kill -9 431
kill PID - EG: kill 10550
top or ps ux to get system PIDs (Process IDs)
EG:
PID TTY TIME COMMAND
10550 pts/3 0:01 /bin/csh
10574 pts/4 0:02 /bin/csh
10590 pts/4 0:09 APP
Each line represents one process, with a process being loosely defined as a running instance of a program. The column headed PID (process ID) shows the assigned process numbers of the processes. The heading COMMAND shows the location of the executed process.
Putting commands together
Often you will find you need to use different commands on the same line. Here are some examples. Note that the | character is called a pipe, it takes date from one program and pipes it to another.
> means create a new file, overwriting any content already there.
>> means tp append data to a file, creating a newone if it doesn not already exist.
< send input from a file back into a command.
grep User /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf |more
This will dump all lines that match User from the httpd.conf, then print the results to your screen one page at a time.
last -a > /root/lastlogins.tmp
This will print all the current login history to a file called lastlogins.tmp in /root/
tail -10000 /var/log/exim_mainlog |grep domain.com |more
This will grab the last 10,000 lines from /var/log/exim_mainlog, find all occurances of domain.com (the period represents 'anything',
-- comment it out with a so it will be interpretted literally), then send it to your screen page by page.
netstat -an |grep :80 |wc -l
Show how many active connections there are to apache (httpd runs on port 80)
mysqladmin processlist |wc -l
Show how many current open connections there are to mysql